In addition to solar panels, the sun’s energy can be turned directly to electricity with solar thermoelectrics. However, until now, this elegant concept has been held back by low efficiency.
New research from New York state changes that: Ultra-fast femtosecond lasers can re-engineer material surfaces, boosting performance 15-fold; a huge leap for solar technologies away from traditional photovoltaics.
Summary
- Femtosecond laser treatment creates nano- and micro-patterns on thermoelectric materials.
- These patterns trap more sunlight across the spectrum and improve heat flow.
- Coupled with smart thermal management, the result is a 15× jump in power output.
- This breakthrough could make solar thermoelectric generators (STEGs) practical for niche and off-grid applications.
What’s New
The team of scientists combined two innovations:
- Spectral engineering: Using femtosecond lasers, they etched surfaces so they absorb nearly all incoming sunlight instead of reflecting it.
- Thermal optimisation: Improved heat distribution and management stopped energy losses and directed more of the heat into electricity.
Together, these changes turned an underperforming technology into one with real potential.
Sustainability Implications
These findings broaden our clean energy toolkit:
- Beyond photovoltaics: STEGs can generate power where solar panels are less effective, such as in extreme heat or dusty environments.
- Hybrid systems: They could work alongside PV, capturing waste heat to produce extra electricity.
- Off-grid potential: Rugged and low-maintenance, STEGs could support remote sensors, telecoms, and industrial sites without relying on batteries.
A More Sustainable Future
Solar thermoelectrics were once a scientific curiosity with little practical use. Now, thanks to laser-based spectral engineering and thermal management, they may soon find a role in the renewable mix.
The sun offers both light and heat. With this advance, we’re finally learning to capture both efficiently.
Source
15-Fold increase in solar thermoelectric generator performance through femtosecond-laser spectral engineering and thermal management, Light: Science & Applications (2025) 14:268, 2025-08-12
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