In the transition to renewable energy, solar power stands out as a key player. Yet, with land becoming increasingly scarce and expensive, an innovative alternative is gaining attention: floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems. These systems, installed on water bodies like lakes and reservoirs, present an intriguing solution to land constraints while offering unique benefits.
A recent study in India compared the performance of FPV systems to traditional ground-mounted photovoltaic (GPV) systems in four distinct locations across India. The findings reveal that FPV systems generate 6-7% more power than their ground-mounted counterparts. This boost in efficiency is primarily due to the cooler operating temperatures of FPV panels, which stay 4-6°C lower than those on the ground. Cooler temperatures help solar panels perform better, directly translating into increased energy output.
However, the financial analysis paints a different picture. While FPV systems are technologically promising, they currently have a higher levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and longer payback periods compared to GPV systems. Ground-mounted systems remain more cost-effective for now, but FPV’s advantages in land savings and water conservation could become more compelling as technology advances and costs decrease.
Despite the financial challenges, FPV systems align well with India’s broader sustainability goals. Not only do they reduce the need for large land areas, but they also help conserve water by minimizing evaporation from reservoirs. With India’s vast water resources, the potential for FPV is enormous, offering a way to generate clean energy while preserving valuable land and water.
So, while ground-mounted solar systems currently hold the financial edge, floating solar represents a forward-looking approach that could play a significant role in India’s renewable energy future. As technology improves and costs decline, FPV systems may become a more attractive option, helping India to meet its energy needs sustainably.
Source
A comparative study of floating and ground-mounted photovoltaic power generation in Indian contexts, Cleaner Energy Systems, 2024-12
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